Influence of Fe-doping on the microstructure and electromagnetic performance of manganese oxides

A simple wet chemical method was used to synthesize Fe-doped MnO₂ composites with iron amount ranging from 0 to 90 M percent. X-ray diffraction, electron probe micro-analyzer, scanning electron microscopy and vector network analyzer were employed to investigate the effect of iron doping on the microstructure and electromagnetic performance of the as-synthesized samples. Results indicate that relative small content of Fe-doping cannot change the α-MnO₂ structure but can promote the formation of hollow-structural morphology. The as-obtained products are transformed into a novel compound (Fe_0.67Mn_0.33)OOH with the increase of Fe-doping to 30 mol%. The possible formation mechanism was proposed in detail. Compared with the pure MnO₂, the Fe-doped samples exhibit decreased dielectric loss but increased magnetic loss with increasing the iron content below 20 mol% while relatively poor electromagnetic properties with the iron content above 30 mol%.     

γ-MnO2/polyaniline composites: Preparation, characterization, and applications in microwave absorption

MnO₂/doped polyaniline (PANI) is prepared by an in situ polymerization method using γ-MnO₂ as the addition agent and hydrochloric acid as the doping agent. Products are characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, XRD, and TEM. Conductivity, electromagnetic properties, and microwave absorption properties are first discussed on the basis of structural characterization. The as-prepared products of MnO₂/PANI are partially crystalline in nature and spherical in pattern with grain sizes of 50-70 nm. MnO₂ particles are successfully decorated with doped PANI. MnO₂/PANI displays moderate electric conduction, excellent dielectric losses, and microwave absorption capabilities. Compared to pure MnO₂, the dielectric and reflection loss properties of MnO₂/PANI composites exhibit significant improvements, with an effective absorption band at 5 GHz under −10 dB and maximum reflection loss of −21 dB at 13.56 GHz. Pure MnO₂ shows an effective absorption band of 3 GHz under −10 dB and a maximum reflection loss of −14.20 dB at 11.5 GHz. Thus, MnO₂/PANI composites are found to be a promising microwave absorption material.     

β-MnO2纳米棒的电磁特性和多极化驰豫损耗

采用低温水热合成法,以(NH₄)₂S₂O₈作氧化剂,以MnSO₄·H₂O为锰源,在高压反应釜中加热120 ℃并保压48 h制备了β-MnO₂纳米棒。利XRD,SEM,TEM和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对产物进行表征,并就产物的电磁特性和多极化损耗机制进行研究。结果表明,纳米粉体产物是直径为50～70 nm,长度约为几个微米并具有四方晶体结构的β-MnO₂纳米棒,同时产物表现出超顺磁性特征。β-MnO₂纳米棒具有优异的电磁波损耗特性,厚度为1 mm的试样其最大反射损耗在18 GHz能达到-8.1 dB,优于-5 dB的有效吸收带处于15.7～18 GHz宽频段内;2 mm厚的试样在9.8 GHz其反射损耗达到-25 dB,并且优于-5 dB的有效吸收带处于8～12.8 GHz。     

自生核壳结构MnO2的电磁性能及其生长机理研究

采用水热合成法,以(NH₄)₂S₂O₈作氧化剂,以MnSO₄·H₂O为锰源,制备了自生核壳结构MnO₂粉体。利用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、振动样品磁强计和热重分析对产物进行成分、晶型、形貌、磁性能和热稳定性分析,并通过电磁参数的测试对产物的电磁特性以及电磁波损耗机制进行阐述。结果表明：所制得粉体是直径3～5 μm的核壳结构海胆球形MnO₂,其复介电常数实部在8.40～5.35,虚部在2.66～2.07;复磁导率实部和虚部都很小,分别在1.04～1.14和0.03～0.21范围内。最后分析了核壳结构MnO₂的电磁波损耗机制以及热稳定性能。     

应用光纤布喇格光栅传感器监测地下管道腐蚀的新方法研究

地下管线工作环境恶劣,腐蚀是引起它破坏和失效的主要原因之一.本文提出了一种应用光纤光栅传感器监测管道腐蚀的新方法.输送石油和天然气等一些物质的管道内部存在的压力会使管道发生膨胀,进而导致管道外壁产生环向变形.假定管道为无限长,管道内部压力导致的管道外壁轴向应变可忽略不计,当管线发生腐蚀时,会导致管壁变薄,管道内部的压力又可以看作基本不变,这样就会增大管道外壁的环向应变.当管道内部压力保持恒定时,管道壁厚与应变之间存在一定的反比例关系,本文方法就是将封装好的光纤光栅传感器粘贴在管道外壁,通过监测外壁环向变形来判断管道腐蚀的情况和程度.通过理论值、模拟值和试验值三者的对比分析来说明了这种新方法是可行的,并且值得被广泛应用,为埋地管道的防灾减灾提供了一种对策.     

Discrete Jacobi sub‐equation method for nonlinear differential–difference equations

We will propose a unified algebraic method to construct Jacobi elliptic function solutions to differential–difference equations (DDEs). The solutions to DDEs in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions sn, cn and dn have a unified form and can be presented through solving the associated algebraic equations. To illustrate the effectiveness of this method, we apply the algorithm to some physically significant DDEs, including the discrete hybrid equation, semi‐discrete coupled modified Korteweg–de Vries and the discrete Klein–Gordon equation, thereby generating some new exact travelling periodic solutions to the discrete Klein–Gordon equation. A procedure is also given to determine the polynomial expansion order of Jacobi elliptic function solutions to DDEs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变压加载对直接甲醇燃料电池阳极性能的影响（英）

为评价直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）阳极的稳定性,利用扫描电化学显微镜和常规电化学技术,研究了变压加载过程中DMFC阳极性能的变化。结果表明,在探针扫描过程中,经不同电压加载后的DMFC阳极表面的扫描电流呈相似的锯齿状分布。当阳极加载2 h,随加载电位升高,扫描峰电流的数量减少,对应峰电流的数值则先增大再减小,表明阳极的催化活性处于不均匀分布状态且随加载时间延长和加载电位升高而逐渐降低。在不同加载电位下,随加载时间延长,循环伏安曲线上的正向和反向电流峰先负移再正移,但抗CO性能持续降低。DMFC阳极在0.6 V下分别加载16 h和72 h后,催化剂粒径由3.4 nm分别增大到3.6 nm和4.4 nm。在0.8 V下加载72 h后,Pt/Ru重量比由2.0增加到3.9。变压加载使催化活性的不均匀分布加剧催化剂粒径长大,Ru流失加快,从而导致阳极催化性能衰减。     

A numerical investigation of the resonance of gas-filled microbubbles: resonance dependence on acoustic pressure amplitude

The general Keller–Herring equation for free gas bubbles is augmented by specific terms to describe the elasticity, viscosity and thickness of the encapsulating shell in ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles. A numerical investigation that analyses the acoustic backscatter from bubbles is employed to identify resonance frequencies that can be compared, for increasing driving pressure amplitude, with linear approximations obtained via analytical considerations. Calculations for bubbles of the size employed in diagnostic ultrasound, between 2 and 6 μm diameter, that are immersed in water and blood and exposed to monochromatic insonation, causing the bubbles to undergo stable cavitation, reveal that the resonance frequency diverges from the linear approximation as the pressure amplitude is increased. The shift in resonance, to lower frequency values, is found to be more pronounced for larger bubbles with the calculated value differing by up to 40% from the linear approximation. The results of this simulation might be potentially useful in preparation of formulations of ultrasound contrast agents with the specifically desired features, such as for instance resonance frequency.     

生化分析用荧光纳米粒子研究进展

荧光纳米粒子在生化分析领域的应用研究近十年来取得了令人瞩目的进展,引起了研究者的广泛关注,如何制备强荧光发光、高生物亲和的荧光纳米粒子是其在生化分析领域应用的前提和基础。本文评述了近年来在生化分析领域应用较多的几种荧光纳米粒子的研究进展与状况。引用文献103篇。